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unoriented plane

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  • Möbius strip — This article is about the mathematical object. For musical group, see Mobius Band (band). A Möbius strip made with a piece of paper and tape. If an ant were to crawl along the length of this strip, it would return to its starting point having… …   Wikipedia

  • Incidence matrix — In mathematics, an incidence matrix is a matrix that shows the relationship between two classes of objects. If the first class is X and the second is Y, the matrix has one row for each element of X and one column for each element of Y. The entry… …   Wikipedia

  • Cyclic order — In mathematics, a cyclic order is a way to arrange a set of objects in a circle.[nb] Unlike most structures in order theory, a cyclic order cannot be modeled as a binary relation a < b . One does not say that east is more clockwise than west.… …   Wikipedia

  • Connected sum — In mathematics, specifically in topology, the operation of connected sum is a geometric modification on manifolds. Its effect is to join two given manifolds together near a chosen point on each. This construction plays a key role in the… …   Wikipedia

  • Dynkin diagram — See also: Coxeter–Dynkin diagram Finite Dynkin diagrams Affine (extended) Dynkin diagrams …   Wikipedia

  • List of important publications in mathematics — One of the oldest surviving fragments of Euclid s Elements, found at Oxyrhynchus and dated to circa AD 100. The diagram accompanies Book II, Proposition 5.[1] This is a list of important publications in mathematics, organized by field. Some… …   Wikipedia

  • Crofton formula — In mathematics, the Crofton formula, named after Morgan Crofton (1826–1915), is a classic result of integral geometry relating the length of a curve to the expected number of times a random line intersects it. Contents 1 Statement 2 Proof sketch… …   Wikipedia

  • Oriented projective geometry — is an oriented version of real projective geometry. Whereas the real projective plane describes the set of all unoriented lines through the origin in R3, the oriented projective plane describes lines with a given orientation. There are… …   Wikipedia

  • Orientation (vector space) — See also: orientation (geometry) The left handed orientation is shown on the left, and the right handed on the right. In mathematics, orientation is a notion that in two dimensions allows one to say when a cycle goes around clockwise or… …   Wikipedia

  • Orientifold — In theoretical physics orientifold is a generalization of the notion of orbifold, proposed by Augusto Sagnotti in 1987. The novelty is that in the case of string theory the non trivial element(s) of the orbifold group includes the reversal of the …   Wikipedia

  • Seifert fiber space — A Seifert fiber space is a 3 manifold together with a nice decomposition as a disjoint union of circles. In other words it is a S^1 bundle (circle bundle) over a 2 dimensional orbifold. Most small 3 manifolds are Seifert fiber spaces, and they… …   Wikipedia

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